British Residential System in Brunei

N Introduced in 1906.

N The result of the Supplementary Protectorate Agreement signed on 31 December 1905 and 3 January 1906 by Sultan Hashim for Brunei and John Anderson for the British government.

N British Resident was appointed to advise the Sultan on all matters of administration except those touching on Islam.

N The first Resident was Malcolm McArthur.

N Took office in May 1906.

Changes under the Residential System

Before the Resident system

-Land governed according to traditional land right.

- Holder to Tulin and Kuripan territons rarely paid taxes to the Sultan.

After the Resident system

- these traditional land right according to Resident system.

-Monopoly Rights were mainly controlled by Chinese businessmen.

Sultan Shariff Ali

Sultan Sharif Ali (also known as

Berkat Ali Ibnu Sharif Ajlan Ibni Sharif Rumaithah) was the third sultan of Brunei. He ruled from 1425 until 1432.-He came from Taif in Arabia. He was a descendent of Prophet Muhammad. He married a daughter of Sultan Ahmad. He was known as Sultan Berkat because he did so much to spread Islam.

He built the first mosque in Brunei. He became the Imam and read the Khutbah. The mosque was also used for other Islamic activities such as study of Al-Quran

and to teach Islamic

law to the

Muslims of

Brunei.As a sign

that

Brunei was anIslamic country.

Sultan Sharif Ali added the name “ DARUSSALAM” to Brunei. He also created a Royal Emblem or the Panji-Panji, a symbol of the Islamic power in

Brunei.

During his reign Brunei grew in strength and became an important trading centre and the centre for the teaching of Islam. Its empire expanded and its trade grew. It also started to spread Islam to places its controlled. He died in 1432 and buried at Kota Batu. He was succeeded by his son Sultan Sulaiman

The Founding of Brunei

From the Chinese records, called the ruler of Poni, Ma-ha-mo-sha in 1371.The Founding of Brunei can be traced back to a story of Awang Alak Betatar and his 13 brothers.

THE STORY OF THE BROTHERS IS AS FOLLOWS:

In Garang, a place in the Temburong District, lived Awang Alak Betatar and his 13 brothers. Awang Alak Betatar was chosen as their leader because of his intelligence.

One day, Awang Alak Betatar called brothers for meeting to find a new place to live.

A week later, Awang Alak Betatar’s brothers, led by Pateh Berbai, began their search. They landed at a site called Butir on the Brunei River.

Pateh Berbai and his brothers went back to Garang to tell Awang Alak Betatar the good news. Awang Alak Betatar agreed to his brothers.

Weeks later , Awang Alak Betatar and his brothers sailed together with their followers to establish the new settlement which was to became Brunei Town. Then they began clearing the bushes and cleaning the area.

Each of Awang Alak Betatar’s brothers set up his own house. Soon, more and more people came to settle there and Awang Alak Betatar became the first ruler of Brunei.

Brunei’s Civil War

Brunei’ Civil War was fought between Sultan Muhyiddin and Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin. It lasted for 12 years from 1661 to 1673.

It started because of misunderstanding over the results of a cockfight between son-in-law of Sultan of Sultan Muhammad Ali, Pengiran Muda Bungsu and the son of Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Abdul Mubin. Then Pengiran Muda Bungsu killed the son of Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Abdul Mubin because he lost the game and jeered by the son of Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Abdul Mubin.

His Father Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Abdul Mubin became angry. Then he killed Sultan Muhammad Ali and made himself Sultan, known as Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin. He appointed Pengiran Muda Bungsu as Bendahara because to avoid anger among the late Sultan’s families. The new Bendahara planned to take revenge on the death of Sultan Muhammad Ali.

Sultan Abdul Mubin became afraid and move to Pulau Chermin. Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Muda Bungsu made himself Sultan, known as Sultan Muhyiddin. Brunei had two Sultans which led to the outbreak of Brunei’s Civil War. Sultan of Sulu sent his soldiers to support Sultan Muhyiddin to killed Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin. Sultan Sulu claim Sabah as a result for helping Sultan Muhyiddin in Civil War.